The programme has been granted official accreditation by the Hellenic Authority for Higher Education.
Create Experiences. Manage Excellence.
The global hospitality industry is vibrant, diverse, and constantly evolving—demanding professionals who are not only service-minded but also business-savvy. The BA in Business Studies (Hotel and Hospitality) prepares students to lead with confidence in hotels, resorts, events, and tourism enterprises across the world.
Combining business fundamentals with specialised hospitality knowledge, this programme offers a unique blend of theory and hands-on experience. You’ll explore key areas such as hotel operations, service management, marketing and sales, accommodation management, finance, and sustainability strategy. Through case studies, projects, and interaction with industry professionals, you’ll gain real insights into managing guest experiences and business performance in highly competitive environments.
With a strong focus on leadership, cultural awareness, and customer-centric thinking, the programme equips you with the practical skills and global perspective needed to thrive in a people-driven industry.
The ΒΑ (Hons) in Business Studies undergraduate programme has the following tracks:
Consulting real clients on real business challenges
In their final year, students work directly with real business clients who present them with actual organisational challenges. Acting as junior consultants, students apply their knowledge to analyse the problem, develop strategic solutions, and present actionable recommendations. This immersive experience enhances critical thinking, client communication, and professional readiness while offering a meaningful contribution to the client’s business.
Building confidence for career success
Students take part in professionally organised mock interviews that simulate real recruitment scenarios. This activity helps them sharpen their interview techniques, receive personalised feedback, and develop the communication skills and confidence needed to stand out in competitive job markets.
Find out more about the special features of the programme our students benefit from.
Where can I attend this programme?
This programme is available in Thessaloniki (Greece) and Sofia (Bulgaria).
Important information for candidates interested in studying in Sofia.
The programme is officialy accreditated by the Hellenic Authority for Higher Education. Official HAHE accreditation (PDF in Greek)

Management I
Principles of Microeconomics
Development of Early Career Skills
Academic and Professional Communication
Academic and Transferable Skills
Marketing I
Quantitative Methods for Business and Finance
Artificial Intelligence Literacy
Digital Toolkit: IT Applications
Principles of Macroeconomics
Year 2
Management II
Accounting I
Principles of Business Statistics
European Union
Information Technology for Management
Marketing II
Principles of Business Analytics
Business for Society
Accounting II
Introduction to Business Law
Year 3
Organisational Behaviour
Decision Making with IT
Management Accounting
Financial Institution and Markets
Corporate Sustainability
Marketing Management Strategies
Consumer Behaviour
Financial Management
Case Studies in Digital Transformation
Operations Management
International Political Economy
Current Issues in Business Law
Year 4
Entrepreneurship and Small Business
Introduction to Hospitality and Tourism Industry
Hospitality Services Management
Accommodation Management
Sustainable Tourism and Regional Planning
Practicum
Human Resource Management
Financial Control and Information Management in the Hospitality Industry
Destination Marketing and Management
Food and Beverage Management in Hotels and Hospitality
The programme aims to:
Ready to join? Explore the entry requirements and follow our application process to apply for this programme.
Join the programme and begin your study journey with us!
At the University of York Europe Campus, we believe that access to quality education should be within everyone΄s reach. That’s why we offer a range of scholarships and funding opportunities to help you pursue your academic goals.
Our scholarships are awarded based on academic merit, financial need, social factors, and other criteria, and are designed to empower talented individuals and make higher education more accessible.
Important: Please note that you must apply separately for a scholarship or funding opportunity. Submitting an application for admission does not automatically consider you for financial support.
Below you can find the tuition fees for your programme of interest (full-time study). A registration fee of €390 is submitted along with your application and is paid once at the beginning of your course.
Important Note: Tuition fees are typically payable in installments, as outlined in each student’s offer letter.
Find detailed information on how to apply, eligibility criteria, application deadlines, and other important guidelines for each scholarship and funding opportunity.
If you need further assistance, please contact our local offices abroad or reach out to our Admissions Team. We will be happy to support you.
The Career, Employability, and Enterprise Centre is dedicated to helping students define and achieve their career aspirations. Offering expert guidance on CVs, cover letters, and job interviews, the Centre ensures students are well-prepared for the job market. Through initiatives like the Annual Career Days, we connect students with potential employers, providing valuable opportunities to build professional networks and gain hands-on experience.
This module instructs students in all aspects of academic and professional communication, including academic writing, reading, speaking and listening through the examination of contemporary social issues, as well as those pertinent to the student’s own field of study. It also provides space for students to consider how technology is used in the academic communication process. Using a variety of different teaching and learning methods, students will be given the opportunity to practice and improve their overall use of academic language so that by the end of the module they are proficient in the specifics of academic and professional discourse.
This interdisciplinary, university-wide module equips Year 1 undergraduate students with essential academic, personal, and professional skills to support their successful transition into Higher Education and prepare them for lifelong learning and employability. Students will develop capabilities in academic literacy, critical thinking, digital fluency, collaborative learning, time and self-management, communication, and intercultural awareness. Through reflective practice and experiential learning, students will gain confidence in their abilities to learn independently, participate actively in the academic community, and contribute effectively to group and workplace settings. The module emphasises adaptability, inclusivity, and resilience as core components of academic and professional success.
The module explores the importance of skills required in the business environment. This module is mostly skills-based and aims at developing early career skills. Job interviews, preparation of a CV, team work, preparing an agenda, running an effective meeting and presentation skills are developed throughout the semester. The role of technology in communication is also in the centre of the module. The communication process will be analysed and emphasis is given to listening and the non-verbal elements of our interactions with other people. The module places special emphasis on the social context of business and explores communication among and within groups as well as considering communicational codes and messages.
In the twenty-first century, individuals working in organizations must develop effective management skills to navigate increasing global competition. These skills are essential for organizations to differentiate themselves, maintain a competitive advantage, and achieve long-term success. This course provides students with a comprehensive introduction to foundational concepts, theories, and practices central to effective business management. It explores core functions such as planning, organising, leading, and controlling, with a focus on applying these functions to real-world business challenges. The module emphasises the importance of organizational structure and design, illustrating how different structures can affect managerial decision-making and overall performance. Additionally, it highlights the human side of management, examining key motivational theories and the complexities of various leadership styles. In a business landscape increasingly shaped by ethical concerns and the rise of AI, students will also be equipped with the tools to address ethical dilemmas and comprehend the social responsibilities inherent in management roles.
This module aims to introduce students to the fundamentals of Microeconomics and provide a solid base with respect to economic thinking and economic analysis. Students will acquire an in-depth knowledge of the market’s operation, the factors of production and the behaviour and decisions of households and firms. More specifically, a thorough analysis of the main economic issues will be offered, focusing on scarcity, opportunity costs and production possibilities, comparative advantage, supply and demand, market equilibrium, costs and revenues, product pricing and outputs, market efficiency and the role of the government. Through the material covered students will acquire the basic economic knowledge that will support future decisions on economic issues and will enhance their skills with respect to the application, analysis, synthesis and evaluation of various microeconomic phenomena.
This module provides first-year undergraduate students with foundational knowledge of Generative AI technologies, their ethical implications, and practical applications. Through a combination of theoretical discussions and hands-on workshops, students will develop critical thinking skills to evaluate generative AI systems, understand their societal impact, and apply these tools ethically within their respective disciplines. Students will gain practical experience with prompt engineering, learn to identify AI-generated content, and explore discipline-specific applications. The module begins with core concepts common to all students, followed by discipline-specific applications tailored to Business Studies, Psychology, Computer Science, English Language Linguistics and Literature, and Communication and Digital Media.
This hands-on module equips first-year undergraduate students with essential digital skills through practical experience with cloud-based productivity tools and discipline-specific applications. Students will develop competencies in collaborative document creation, data analysis, presentation design, and digital organization. The module emphasizes cloud computing concepts, collaboration techniques, and effective digital workflows. Following a common foundation in such tools, students will explore specialized applications relevant to their academic disciplines (Business Studies, Psychology, Computer Science, English Language Linguistics and Literature, and Communication and Digital Media), preparing them for academic success and future professional environments.
Marketing is the business activity that identifies developing and changing marketing needs and wants. Through effective marketing, companies and organizations can effectively develop products and services that satisfy the needs of target customers. Marketing also deals with pricing, promoting and defining the most appropriate channels to make these products and services available. Marketing foundations remain relevant and largely unchanged. However, the environment where marketing is practiced has changed considerably in the past two decades. Fierce competition, very short product life cycles, global markets, pandemics, internet and its applications create a very challenging environment for today’s enterprises where marketing has become indispensable. This module provides a good understanding of all the main concepts of marketing in the contemporary environment.
This module aims to introduce students to Macroeconomics by providing a detailed analysis of the essential macroeconomic principles and core macroeconomic theories. Students will be able to formulate valid economic policy suggestions based on the most important macroeconomic models, through the use of scientific tools. The material covered will facilitate students in acquiring the basic macroeconomic knowledge that will support future decisions on economic issues and will enhance their skills with respect to the application, analysis, synthesis and evaluation of the various macroeconomic phenomena.
This introductory module provides an understanding of the basic mathematical methods required for the study of business and finance related problems. The module satisfies the mathematics competency requirements for a first stage student in business.
The purpose of accounting is to provide information about the operations of a business such as what they own, what they owe, whether or not it earned a profit and how cash flowed in and out of the business. In the business context, accounting may be viewed as an information system that measures, processes and communicates information, primarily financial in nature, about a business entity for the purpose of making business decisions. The module focuses on the understanding of the basic process of how accounting provides information that is useful to external users. It will cover the basic steps in the accounting process from recording the business transactions to the other intermediate steps and last the preparation of the financial reports. It will also examine transactions, concepts and issues which are particular to merchandising businesses. The last part of the syllabus will touch upon key concepts and issues related receivables and internal control.
The course consists of a critical presentation of the creation, the content and the future of the E.U. It introduces key developments, institutions and policies. All the critical points are discussed from a political, historical and economic point of view. Specific attention will be given to the challenges faced by the European Union, the rise of populism in Europe, the energy crisis, the EU external relations with the Western Balkans, the East European partnership, and the war in Ukraine.
This module aims to teach students basic information technology (IT) skills while it helps them consider how information technology (IT) tools are used in business. Students will be presented with the appropriate tools for advanced creation and editing of text and web documents, on-line collaboration, time management, creation of effective presentations and construction of basic web sites. The module equips students with essential technological knowledge and skills relevant to the business environment. The module empowers students on developing fundamental skills in the field of computing. It focuses on helping students understand how IT can be strategically utilised to enhance organisational efficiency, and contribute to overall business success.
This module is a continuation of Management I.In the twenty-first century, individuals working in organizations must develop effective management skills to navigate increasing global competition. These skills are essential for organizations to differentiate themselves, maintain a competitive advantage, and achieve long-term success. This course provides students with a comprehensive introduction to foundational concepts, theories, and practices central to effective business management. It explores core functions such as planning, organising, leading, and controlling, with a focus on applying these functions to real-world business challenges. The module emphasises the importance of organizational structure and design, illustrating how different structures can affect managerial decision-making and overall performance. Additionally, it highlights the human side of management, examining key motivational theories and the complexities of various leadership styles. In a business landscape increasingly shaped by ethical concerns and the rise of AI, students will also be equipped with the tools to address ethical dilemmas and comprehend the social responsibilities inherent in management roles.
This introductory module provides an understanding of the basic statistical methods required for the study of business related problems. The module introduces students to the assumptions, concepts and techniques used by statisticians to make decisions. This module focuses on descriptive statistics, probabilities and probability distributions, inferential statistics and regression analysis.
This module is a continuation of Accounting I. This module builds on the knowledge gained in Accounting I. In business, a manager needs to be able to ‘read the reports’ and understand how a business entity is presented in the eyes of the various users of the financial reports. Based on this, the module partially takes a user approach and focuses on the financial reports and how they are used to evaluate financial performance. However, this also partially necessitates studying in more detail the elements of the balance sheet, the statement of equity, the income statement of a corporation but also the cash flow statement. Finally, the basic tools of analysing the financial reports are explored in order to be able to evaluate the financial performance of a business entity over time or to compare the performance of two competing firms.
This module explores the role of businesses in society and challenges students to consider how organisations can contribute positively to communities, the environment, and broader social goals. It encourages active citizenship and the development of personal and collective responsibility, with a practical component focused on volunteering, local engagement, and social action. Students are introduced to concepts such as corporate social responsibility, ethical leadership, and sustainable value creation.
This module is designed to provide students with an understanding of law and its relationship with business. After an overview of the historical, political and sociological background of law we will study sources of law, the structure of law, legal systems and the development of European and international law in a multijurisdictional world. A particular emphasis will be put on the relationship of law and business through the study of contracts and of company law.
This module is a continuation of Marketing I. Marketing is the business activity that identifies developing and changing marketing needs and wants. Through effective marketing, companies and organizations can effectively develop products and services that satisfy the needs of target customers. Marketing also deals with pricing, promoting and defining the most appropriate channels to make these products and services available. Marketing foundations remain relevant and largely unchanged. However, the environment where marketing is practiced has changed considerably in the past two decades. Fierce competition, very short product life cycles, global markets, pandemics, internet and its applications create a very challenging environment for today’s enterprises where marketing has become indispensable. This module provides a good understanding of all the main concepts of marketing in the contemporary environment.
This module introduces students to the foundational concepts, tools, and applications of Business Analytics. It helps students develop data-driven thinking and equips them with basic analytical and visualisation skills to support decision-making in modern businesses. The module also provides an understanding of how analytics intersects with digital transformation, AI, and managerial decision-making.
This module explores the different dimensions of corporate sustainability and how social and environmental goals are as important as economic and financial goals for business. The module focuses on social and environmental performance and how they can lead to better economic and financial results, to competitive advantage and to stakeholders’ satisfaction. Through case studies the module explores how business deals with social and environmental challenges and how this translates into business strategies.
Information Technology (IT) is in a constant state of evolutionary change. Changes in strategy, business processes and rules require changes in hardware, software, databases, and telecommunications.
Managers and business organizations invest in information technology and systems because they provide real economic value to the business. Before businesses can reap the benefits of such change, managers need to be able to exploit IT to make better operational, tactical and strategic decisions.
Management information system (MIS) helps managers to make planning and take decisions on certain situations. A decision-making process is a systematic approach to making choices and selecting courses of action based on a set of criteria and available information. The purpose of MIS is to extract data from varied sources and derive insights that drive business growth (e.g. educational information system, bank information system, railway information system, etc).
Understanding the type of decision-making required in a given situation can help individuals or organizations allocate resources, time, and effort more effectively to make the best possible decision.
This module provides an introduction to the structure and operations of the different financial institutions and markets currently existing within the evolving financial system.
It explores the functions performed by a financial system, the structure and classification of the financial institutions and markets, the various instruments traded on the markets, the role of the Central Bank, the need for financial regulation and the causes/effects of financial crises. Special emphasis is given to the various financial innovations that characterise the modern financial system.
Management accounting serves the multiple information needs of managers. It consists of accounting tools and techniques for gathering and reporting financial, production, and distribution data to meet management’s information needs.
In light of the constantly changing conditions in the local and global business environment, managers need to obtain information about these changes, interpret it and use it in their planning and decision-making in order for their business to remain competitive.
In today’s world it sometimes seems that change is the only constant. Managers of both profit and non-profit oriented organisations face an environment characterised by: rapidly changing technology; competition that is increasingly multinational in scope. These changes have important implications for marketing decisions in an organisation. This module provides the concepts, tools, and decision making approaches that perspective marketing managers need, to carry out their specialised roles and responsibilities. Furthermore, the specific module deals with innovative techniques in marketing and the current trends in corporate marketing management.
This module provides a comprehensive exploration of individual, group, and structural behaviour within organisations. It systematically examines how human behaviour, as well as the integration of artificial intelligence (AI), shapes organisational outcomes, including performance, employee satisfaction, and overall success. Recognised as a cornerstone of management science, the study of organisational behaviour (OB) is indispensable for modern companies and public institutions alike, directly affecting their effectiveness, efficiency and adaptability. Furthermore, these concepts assume even greater importance during periods of crisis, such as the recent pandemic, where a nuanced understanding of behavioural dynamics is essential for navigating challenges, fostering resilience, and ensuring sustained organizational performance.
The rate and magnitude of the changes underway are already affecting our world in profound ways. Innovations in mobile technology, the Internet of Things, are reshaping consumer behaviour and business trends. They’re affecting people’s work and social relationships. Organisations that are looking to the future have acknowledged this and are trying to adapt to stay relevant and drive growth. Companies, governments, and non-profits all have the power to accomplish good things with the advances in robotics, artificial intelligence, and The Internet of things. Digital transformation is all about figuring that out.
This module deals with several of the transformations that have arisen in contemporary organisations as a result of the implementation and utilisation of information systems. A selection of case studies to explore, familiarise and identify the challenges/opportunities that have arisen in contemporary organisations. The new types of jobs & organisational structures in the digitalised enterprise; Digital Consumption; e-commerce, e-Healthcare, big data, digital security, privacy and ethics.
The aim of this module is to enable students to critically analyse real-world case studies of Digital Transformation, identify key challenges and opportunities, and propose strategic solutions. Students will be able to acquire valuable insights into how organisations have successfully navigated the challenges and opportunities presented by technology adoption.
Consumer buyer behaviour patterns are complex and rapidly evolving, because consumers are human beings that their actions are irrational, emotional and difficult to predict. The module sheds light to consumer behaviour by examining the internal and external environmental factors that affect the consumer decision-making process. Finally, the module equips students by exposing them to theoretical tools that will enable them to comprehend consumer consumption patterns so as to devise appropriate marketing strategies that will respect consumer requirements.
This module is designed to provide students with an understanding of current issues in business law. It aims at providing specific and useful legal knowledge to business students. Emphasis is put on the evolution of the legal framework in a global business world and on specific issues of European law (competition law, DMA and DSA). Topics include dispute settlements, intellectual property, and the regulation of international trade.
Financial management is concerned with the duties of the financial manager in the business firm. Therefore the primary objective of the module is to rigorously elaborate on theoretical as well as practical aspects of the major decision areas of financial management, such as fund raising and investing. As most of the advances in financial management are based on the interaction between decision making and capital market behaviour, this module will therefore focus on capital market theory as well.
This module is an introduction to International Political Economy. It is part of learning about and understanding of the external political environment of business. It reviews the links between Politics, Economics and Society both at the domestic and the external sphere and it looks at the rise of non-state actors in the international environment, including Multinational Corporations, Non-governmental Organizations, illegal groups etc. Key themes in contemporary International Political Economy are explored, such as the nature of Globalization and its effect on the state, the globalizing world economy, poverty, terrorism, gender and race.
Operations Management (OM) is concerned with creating the products and services upon which we all depend. Creating products and services is the very reason for any organization’s existence, whether that organization is large or small, manufacturing or service, for-profit or not-for-profit. Operations management is also at the center of so many of the changes affecting the business world – changes in customer preference, changes in supply networks brought about by internet-based technologies, and changes in the extent of environmental responsibility that we expect from companies. Promoting the creativity which will allow organizations to respond to so many changes is becoming the prime task of operations managers.
The module explores the importance of a successful Hotel Operation and departmental operation.
This module is mostly skills-based and aims at developing a holistic understanding of a hotel management and the importance of the tourist industry and its contribution to Greece capital growth. A good understanding of a profitable hotel organization. The role of tourism as Greece’s substantial industry and hotel sustainability will be part of this module. The “Triple Bottom Line”model analysis as a key factor for Hotel sustainability.
Organizational analysis of a property, property management systems will be analysed and emphasis is given to examples and case studies to support module material.
The module places special emphasis on the structure of the hotel, the departmental interaction, the role of a strategic Human resources plan, customer service and building a strong operating identity will be areas the this module will cover.
Being an entrepreneur involves recognising opportunities, mobilising the human resources and acquiring the physical resources, building financially sustainable and scalable business models that create value for the shareholders, the market and society. A significant part of this involves promptly identifying emerging trends and disruptions and/or identifying latent customer needs and problems. This necessitates breaking away from the ‘blinders of dominant logic’ which can stifle openness and receptivity to new ideas, practices and business models.
The module provides a practical, yet rigorous understanding of the process of business planning that leads to the successful creation of new ventures.
Given, the high failure rates of start-ups the module particularly focuses on the challenges that entrepreneurs encounter at the various stages of the entrepreneurial process, but also explores a framework for reducing the risks of total failure and loss. The students will be challenged to think creatively and critically about potential solutions to problems or satisfying unmet needs by coming up with innovative products /services and business models that aim at delivering economic and/ or social value.
In the last two decades the importance of the hospitality services sector has increased rapidly worldwide. Hospitality services organisations range in size from international corporations such as hotel chains and transportation companies to a vast array of locally owned and operated small businesses such as restaurants, leisure centres, theme parks, travel bureaus and numerous business-to-business organisations. Students therefore attain a holistic view of hospitality services organisations and their approach to planning and executing a responsible and effective strategy towards travelers. This module covers the main issues that are unique in the management of hospitality services organisations by using cases and real world examples while addressing the most actual outbreak of COVID-19 representing a critical and evolving challenge to all segments of this dynamic industry.
The “Introduction to Hospitality Management” module plays a foundational role in the BA in Business Studies (Hotel and Hospitality Management) curriculum by introducing students to the core concepts, trends, and operational practices in the global hospitality industry. It provides essential knowledge and industry insights that lay the groundwork for more advanced modules, such as Hospitality Marketing, Service Operations, and Hotel Management. Through this module, students gain a comprehensive understanding of the dynamic nature of the hospitality sector, enabling them to appreciate its strategic importance in the global economy and develop a customer-centric mindset that is crucial for success in the industry
Destination is an amalgam of products and services and consequently tourism sustainable development is a result of effective planning and coordination among multiple stakeholders (airports, airlines, ports, hotels, tour operators, local and peripheral authorities, local enterprises, associations etc.) in the context of a tourism destination (Ritchie and Crouch, 2003). Professionals and policy makers should be aware of the stages of a “tourism life cycle” of a destination for an efficient regional planning that will not exceed the “carrying capacity” and the sustainability limits and for the avoidance of “over-tourism” phenomena. The module introduces the basic key notions and models of sustainable tourism development, underlining their practical significance for decision makers when setting goals, strategies and strategic plans.
This module is designed to provide a basic introduction to the two concepts of “destination marketing” and “destination management” that are relative but different. Destination management has become a profession in recent years requiring people to have specific skills and qualifications. Destination management is embedded in destination marketing. Destination management involves coordinated and integrated management of the destination. Destination management is addressed via specialized organizations known as DMOs that coordinate the efforts of stakeholders to achieve destination’s visions and goals. Destination marketing is the process through which a DMO plans, researches, implements, controls, evaluates goals.
This module prepares students, in an efficient and practical way, to clearly realise the notions, techniques and usability of the financial control and information management topics. Emphasis will be given to train students to identify and apply contemporary hospitality related topics in relation to finances and information management. Income statement analysis, ratio analysis, budgeting are among the main topics to be discussed and applied only to the hotel industry. Information management includes topics like modern business intelligence and Cloud computing for hotels.
This module aims to comprehensively explore the key issues and challenges of food and beverage management as well as strategies determining successful food and beverage operations in hotel and hospitality businesses. Therefore, students gain knowledge and develop a critical understanding of food and beverage systems and operational procedures to effectively manage food and beverage operations in hotel and hospitality businesses.
The emphasis of this module is to familiarize students with the current trends in food and beverage management and the variety of food and beverage operations managerial topics including:
The fundamentals of Human Resource Management (HRM) involve the main principles of employment relationship, recruitment, selection, retention, training, people development, performance management, reward systems, employee participation and other modern issues related to employment relations. As HRM encompasses all aspects related to managing an organization’s human capital, it represents an essential element of business strategies and objectives that are associated with organisational effectiveness, whilst its implementation can significantly affect organisational performance. Nonetheless, dynamic factors and pressures, such as changes in the sociological and economic context/climate, the regulatory framework, implementation of employment policy, can seriously affect business and corporate strategy, and subsequently have an impact on the way that HRM is deployed. These factors have consequences on HRM strategies, and hence, are considered to be serious challenges for HRM managers who should focus on the organisational goals and effectiveness. Mainly, the pandemic has shaken all organisations, creating a complex and challenging environment for managers and HRM practitioners, who need to skilfully secure the continuity of their businesses while helping their employees to cope with this extraordinary, protracted crisis.
Business Practicums are supervised action learning projects designed to provide students with an opportunity to manage a project for an organisation (“participating company-client”). They aim to successfully bridge academic knowledge and the development of professional skills and employability. They are team-based and delivered over a semester requiring students to devote an average of 200 hours in total (depending on the nature of the project). The student work is complemented by weekly teaching/mentoring sessions with project supervisors. The precise nature of the project can vary enormously depending on both the nature and the needs of the organisation. Participating companies can be large corporations or small local businesses and NGOs – charities and public benefit organisations. The common denominator is a genuine need for help with a problem or appreciation of the added value of some independent research beyond the resources or capabilities of the participating company. This may be a general management problem, a marketing issue, a financial issue or any other company-specific challenges.




